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P.O. Box 6
Montpelier, VT 05601-0006
"The people at The Snell Group eat, sleep and breathe infrared. They are world renowned for their knowledge and experience."

- Tim Goshert, Cargill

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White Papers


The following complimentary white papers are available in Adobe PDF format starting with the most recently released titles.  The free Adobe Reader software is required to view these documents.  

NEW - Improving Radiometric Accuracy

This paper will attempt to define the parameters that can affect radiometric accuracy and repeatability, as well as some methods to minimize their effect. It will also discuss possible reasons for discrepancy in readings with other devices.

NEW - Locating Levels in Tanks, Vessels and Silos

This white paper discusses the parameters and limitations that must be addressed when inspecting tanks, shows techniques that can be employed to help locate levels, and provides a number of example images from IR tank inspections.

NEW - Managing Motors and Reliability

Read about the basic key elements for a motor management system and discover an understanding of why a motor management system is much more than just a reliability and testing program. In fact, motor reliability and testing are two key components that make a significant contribution to a motor management system.

NEW - Thermography in the Coal Industry

In the past, maintenance in the coal industry was using the “run-to-failure” philosophy. This mindset is not only costly; it can also be dangerous. Today, some of the more progressive coal companies are trying to find ways to be more cost effective in their maintenance practices including adding infrared thermography for to their maintenance process.

A Unique Thermal Problem Found in Certain Double-Glazed Windows

In this paper learn the findings of an investigation about a very different—and unusual—thermal pattern discovered on windows in the home of one of the authors. The cause is related to the loss of some of the insulating argon gas installed in the window during manufacturing. The authors also discovered the problem was not uncommon for certain types of windows and as they age the issues usually become more pronounced and, in some cases, result in a total failure (implosion) of the window.

Breakthroughs in Infrared Camera Prices and Performance - Condition Monitoring

An overview of thermal imaging equipment for condition monitoring applications including electrical systems and mechanical equipment. Learn which features and specifications are important to consider when purchasing a camera. Readers will also find information and tips on how to buy a system including performing a needs analysis, handling the sales process and budgeting for the appropriate equipment and accessories.

Breakthroughs in Infrared Camera Prices and Performance Performance - Building Applications

An overview of thermal imaging equipment for building and roof applications. Learn which features and specifications are important to consider when purchasing a camera. Readers will also find information and tips on how to buy a system including performing a needs analysis, handling the sales process and budgeting for the appropriate equipment and accessories.

IR Programs in Nuclear Power Stations in the Former Soviet Union

Read about the efforts to transfer IR technology to Soviet-designed nuclear power plants in Russia, Ukraine, and Armenia. The Snell Group faced a number of challenges during this project not typically encountered during infrared program development at facilities in the United States.

Myths and Truths About Wind and Load Correction Factors

There are a number of formulas and computer programs for’ correcting’ or predicting what will happen to the temperature (or temperature rise) of an electrical fault when the load or wind changes. While these formulas are somewhat useful to indicate that significant changes in temperature may take place when the load or wind changes, they are subject to much abuse and misuse and may be downright misleading when it comes to prioritizing repairs.

Surface Temperature Considerations

Engineers are usually taught the basic forms of heat transfer, often with the assumption that surface temperature is an independent variable driving the heat transfer. The reality is, however, that surface temperature is an interface between different forms of heat transfer and responds as a dependent variable. This paper will provide an overview of surface temperature as a response to different forms of both internal energy generation and external environment.

Testing Building Envelope Systems Using Infrared Thermography

The structures we live and work in are susceptible to quality and performance problems during construction and maintenance that can impact performance and may, in some cases, render them dangerous. Infrared thermography can provide remarkable, nondestructive information about construction details and building performance. This paper discusses the numerous applications for the technology currently being used to inspect building envelopes. These include validation of structural details, verification of energy performance (conduction and air leakage), location of moisture intrusion, and the identification of structural and system degradation of roofs and facades.

Thermal Profiles of Electric Motors and Their Relationship to Motor Circuit Analysis

Read about a study that was performed on twenty-one motors. Eighteen of them were identical motors in identical service with the same model number and sequential serial numbers. This created a unique situation where motor data could be compared and analyzed.

Understanding Motor Starter Circuits

Whether it’s your first infrared inspection or you’re a veteran with hundreds of surveys under your belt, understanding the equipment under inspection is crucial to the successful identification and analysis of thermal anomalies. This paper will identify and discuss the components and potential problem areas involved with motor starter circuits. It will also look at methods of infrared inspection and illustrate some common and some not-so-common thermal anomalies.

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